Science, any system of knowledge that is concerned with the physical world and its phenomena and that entails unbiased observations and systematic experimentation. In general, a science involves a pursuit of knowledge covering general truths or the operations of fundamental laws. Source: Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica, 31 Dec. 2020.
Dive into the root of terms with scientia and history
Etymology is the branch of linguistic science devoted to the origin and derivation regards the history of words and its components. It strongly depends on the study of inflectional morphology – categories of invariable words, and the sound patterns and its meanings. The etymology of the term science came from the Latin word scientia - to know, from the present participle of scire.
Science by our society nowadays can be defined as a system of knowledge or knowledge that is predetermined to knowledge and understanding the nature (physical and natural world) and its phenomena through observations and systematic experimentation. It involves the pursuance of knowledge covering general truths or the operations of fundamental laws via the scientific method.
From the union of the Greek words dia and logos - that means through and word, the dialogue can be defined as the space to gather together. It is the inhabited place where flows one stream of meaning through - among and between us, from which emerges some new understanding.
As a scientist, I was trained via the Socratic method's logic-classical structure of construction, discovery and pursuit of knowledge. Basically, Socratic debate consists of one process of cooperative argumentative dialogue - one line of critical thinking and interaction and cooperation of ideas and underlying presuppositions.
Memories and beyond perception - something else happened - it's all so different
Around the 1990s, I can remember and perceive the climate of the Human epoch - the Anthropocene of the primates of the species Homo sapiens Linnaeus, 1758 - in some level of climate stability. Flowers and fruits of the seasonal season had their timing - months of September there was a remarkable abundance of yellow fruits from those non-native trees in the urban space.
The Friagem could endure almost one week. Everything seemed to be regular and was there perceived to be no climate instability. One great flood in the first half of the 20th century was just one of the memories to be present from speeches of family history. Everything still remained somewhere - the forests growing much faster than now making up the atmosphere, and everyone was there at the well-being.
Indeed, the temperature was there a half degree (Celsius) less than at present and the atmosphere was also rich in carbon from fossil fuels. Now, after the 1990s and 2010s, while the African forests of the Old World accumulates more carbon in their living biomass than are losing to the atmosphere, the Amazon loses more carbon than it absorbs. Our atmosphere is ever richer in carbon. At the same time, we are causing the Sixth Mass Extinction of life on the Earth planet.
References and notes
1. Lehmann, W. P. (2001). Etymology. International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences, 4874–4877. https://doi.org/10.1016/B0-08-043076-7/03051-5
2. Harper, Douglas. “Etymology of science.” Online Etymology Dictionary, https://www.etymonline.com/word/science. Accessed 7 May, 2022.
3. Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. "science". Encyclopedia Britannica, 31 Dec. 2020, https://www.britannica.com/science/science. Accessed 7 May 2022.
4. Khalil A. Cassimally - Scitable by Nature Education. Define Science. Nature Education, August 07, 2011, https://www.nature.com/scitable/blog/labcoat-life/define_science/. Accessed 7 May 2022.
5. Clark University. What is dialogue? - Difficult Dialogues. Clark University, 2022. https://www2.clarku.edu/difficultdialogues/learn/index.cfm
6. Hawkins, E., Ortega, P., Suckling, E., Schurer, A., Hegerl, G., Jones, P., et al. (2017). Estimating changes in global temperature since the pre-industrial period. Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc. 98, 1841–1856. doi: 10.1175/BAMS-D-16-0007.1
7. The Anthropocene here was used as a reference for the warmer planet (i.e., 1°C) since the 1720-1800-preindustrial period. At the same time, a turning point in human history in the 1950s was the nuclear bomb event over Hiroshima, the Japanese city.
8. Hubau, W., Lewis, S.L., Phillips, O.L. et al. Asynchronous carbon sink saturation in African and Amazonian tropical forests. Nature 579, 80–87 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-2035-0
9. Cowie, R. H., Bouchet, P., and Fontaine, B. (2022). The Sixth Mass Extinction: fact, fiction or speculation?. Biol. Rev. 97, 640–663. DOI: 10.1111/brv.12816
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| Light-green fractal branches of a pteridophyte from the Amazon basin in a vertical configuration and opposite to the gravitational stimulus - in negative ascension - from the photographic record. At the Jamari National Forest - the 2010s. Source: Castro, W. |
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